@conference {41955,
	title = {The effects of zeranol or zinc supplementation before lambing on the incidence of vaginal prolapse in twinning ewes},
	booktitle = {Proceedings of the New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	volume = {67},
	year = {2007},
	month = {Jan},
	pages = {68-72},
	publisher = {New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	organization = {New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	address = {Wanaka},
	abstract = {The objectives were to determine whether Zeranol (ZER) and its metabolites or pharmacological zinc levels could change the incidence of vaginal prolapse(bearings) in ewes. In the ZER experiment 100 twin pregnant ewes were controls, a further 50 ewes each received either two low (24 mg and then 12 mg) or two high (36 mg and then 24 mg) doses of zeranol (ZER) implants separated by a four-week interval with 65\% of treated ewes receiving an additional 12 mg implant at set stocking. Urine samples were collected from 12 ewes, twice weekly, bulked into three samples and analysed for Zearalenone (ZEN), ZER and creatinine. Two weeks after receiving an implant, the ZER:creatinine ratio increased from 2.6 in C ewes to 21, 30 and 36 and the ZEN ratio from 3.25 to 6.7, 10.8 and 14.7 following treatment with 12, 24 and 36 mg of ZER (P<0.01). One month after treatment the ZER and ZEN ratios had decreased but were still higher in treated than control ewes (ZER 3.6 vs.11, P<0.01; ZEN 1.2 vs.5.2, P<0.01). The bearing incidence was 3\%, 2\% and 2\% for control, low and high dose ZER respectively. In the second experiment 100 scanned twin or triplet pregnant ewes were administered with 72 g of zinc oxide (The Time Capsule {\textregistered}) as a ruminal bolus 4-6 weeks before lambing on four farms with historical high incidences of bearings. Pre-treatment and all control serum zinc concentrations were low (9.4 {\textpm}0.2 mmol/L) but not considered deficient. Zinc supplementation increased serum zinc concentrations to 21.5 mmol/L (P<0.001). Bearing incidence was higher (P<0.001) in zinc-treated (4\%) than in control ewes (1.9\%). In conclusion, bearings are not caused by ingestion of ZEN in late pregnancy. The role of zinc in bearings warrants further study.},
	issn = {1176-5283},
	author = {Litherland AJ and Knight TW and McDougall DBO and Cook TG and Sprosen J and Lambert MG}
}
@conference {41503,
	title = {Effect of ergot alkaloids on liveweight gain and urine lysergol level in ewe hoggets and heifers},
	booktitle = {Proceedings of the New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	volume = {64},
	year = {2004},
	month = {Jan},
	pages = {192-196},
	publisher = {New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	organization = {New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	address = {Hamilton},
	abstract = {Ingestion of ergot alkaloids can reduce live-weight gain (LWG) in sheep and cattle. The objective of this experiment was to determine if the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for urinary lysergol level provided an accurate measure of ergot alkaloid dietary intake. Forty hoggets and 60 heifers were fed ryegrass seed containing ergovaline (EV) (0.0 to 75.0 {\textmu}g EV/kg LW hogget; 0.0 to 35.0 {\textmu}g EV/kg LW heifer) daily. The feeding trial was repeated after 30 days for the hoggets. Urine lysergol:creatinine ratio increased linearly for hoggets from 1.91 to 5.80 (P<0.001) and LWG was linearly suppressed from 110 to 60 g/d (P<0.01) and 30 days later, from 35 to -130 g/d (P<0.05) for intakes of 0.0 to 75.0 {\textmu}g EV/kg LW. Heifer urine lysergol:creatinine ratio increased linearly from 1.60 to 5.21 and LWG declined from 1.0 to 0.85 kg/d for intakes of 0.0 to 35.0 {\textmu}g EV/kg LW (P<0.05). Urinary lysergol:creatinine ratio increased by 0.056 {\textpm} 0.007 (P<0.001, r2 = 0.67) in hoggets and by 0.082 {\textpm} 0.006 (P<0.001, r2 = 0.77) in heifers, for every 1 {\textmu}g EV/kg LW consumed. These studies demonstrated a strong relationship between ergot alkaloid dietary intake and urine lysergol:creatinine ratio. },
	issn = {1176-5283},
	author = {Layton DL and Fletcher LR and Litherland AJ and Scannell MG and Sprosen J and Hoogendoorn CJ and Lambert MG}
}
