@conference {40268,
	title = {Biochemical mechanisms related to overfatness in lambs},
	booktitle = {Proceedings of the New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	volume = {50},
	year = {1990},
	month = {Jan},
	pages = {479-482},
	publisher = {New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	organization = {New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	abstract = {A mechanistic model was used to measure the impact of changes in  climate (temperature, rainfall and solar radiation) and a 75\% increase  in the concentration of atmospheric carbon dioxide on pasture and animal  production on eight representative New Zealand lowland farming systems.  The climate changes increased annual pasture dry matter production per  hectare by 10-30\%, assuming no changes in pasture composition. A 75\%  increase in CO2 concentration increased pasture production by around  40\%. Together, climate change and increased CO2 concentration increased  yields by 50-77\%. In all cases, the seasonal distribution of pasture  production was not greatly affected. Both climate change and increased  CO2 concentration individually increased annual milk production per  hectare by around 24\%, lamb meat and beef by around 30\% and wool by  around 22\%, under the constant farm management systems selected. The  increases in production were mainly due to increases in stocking rate  resulting from the increased pasture production, but increased  conservation and feeding out of hay were required. The model predicted  an increase in lamb growth rates. Milk, meat and wool production was  higher under climate change than under increased CO2 concentration in  Southland, but the opposite was true in northern New Zealand. The  combined effect of climate change and increased CO2 concentration was  greater, with potential increases over the two scenarios averaging 52\%  for milk, 57\% for lamb and beef and 46\% for wool.  },
	issn = {1176-5283},
	author = {Payne E}
}
@conference {40209,
	title = {Effect of oestradiol implants and protein nutrition on plasma FSH levels in ovariectomised ewes},
	booktitle = {Proceedings of the New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	volume = {50},
	year = {1990},
	month = {Jan},
	pages = {145-148},
	publisher = {New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	organization = {New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	abstract = {The possible impact of developments in artificial insemination   (AI), multiple ovulation and embryo transfer (MOET), sexed semen and   embryos, cloning, physiological markers, genetic markers and transgenic   livestock on rates of genetic change are reviewed and discussed.   Previous theoretical predictions have exaggerated the potential   increases in rates of genetic change available from MOET, particularly   in small, closed MOET nucleus schemes. Sexing of semen and/or embryos   has a relatively small effect on rates of genetic change, but sex   control can potentially have a dramatic effect on the efficiency of   farming systems. Developing techniques to produce large clone families   in livestock will increase rates of genetic change, particularly through   faster dissemination of superior genotypes to commercial populations. A   cost-benefit analysis of some different strategies for increasing   genetic change in the New Zealand dairy cattle population has identified   that useful contributions could come from AI (by doubling current bull   coverage) and from MOET and genetic and/or physiological markers.   Equally important economic returns were identified from increasing the   number of bull mothers continuously bred by AI.     The impact of transgenic animals, gene mapping and genetic markers   (linkage) on rates of genetic change is likely to take much longer (10-   20 years) than the reproductive techniques.    },
	issn = {1176-5283},
	author = {Smith JF and Cruickshank GJ and Payne E and Konlechner J and Parr J and McGowan LT and McLaughlin RR}
}
@conference {40210,
	title = {The effects of nutrition oestradiol, phenobarbital and carbon tetrachloride on ovulation rate and plasma FSH in ewes},
	booktitle = {Proceedings of the New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	volume = {50},
	year = {1990},
	month = {Jan},
	pages = {149-154},
	publisher = {New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	organization = {New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	abstract = {Recent advances in the genetic manipulation of animals have   raised some familiar and some less familiar ethical issues. The   obligation to safeguard the welfare of animals must be extended to   include the production of transgenic animals, to ensure that the   well-being of such "products" takes precedence over profitability. Human   welfare must also be safeguarded especially in relation to the equitable   distribution of the benefits from genetic engineering and the protection   of the environment. The change in the relationship between human and   non-human animals, exemplified in the patenting of genetically modified   animals, has serious implications for the integrity of animal science.    },
	issn = {1176-5283},
	author = {Payne E and Smith JF and Peterson AJ and McGowan LT and Cope BC and McLaughlin R}
}
@conference {39643,
	title = {The biochemical assessment of energy status in the grazing lactating ruminant},
	booktitle = {Proceedings of the New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	volume = {39},
	year = {1979},
	month = {Jan},
	pages = {233-241},
	publisher = {New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	organization = {New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	issn = {1176-5283},
	author = {Payne E and Trigg TE and Rattray PV and Nicoll GB and Smeaton DC}
}
@conference {39571,
	title = {Hormonal responses of lambs to trucking, handling and electric stunning},
	booktitle = {Proceedings of the New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	volume = {37},
	year = {1977},
	month = {Jan},
	pages = {243-248},
	publisher = {New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	organization = {New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	issn = {1176-5283},
	author = {Pearson AJ and Kilgour R and de Langen H and Payne E}
}
@conference {39421,
	title = {Hydrogenation of unsaturated fatty acids by ruminal fluid in vitro},
	booktitle = {Proceedings of the New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	volume = {34},
	year = {1974},
	month = {Jan},
	pages = {65},
	publisher = {New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	organization = {New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	issn = {1176-5283},
	author = {Payne E}
}
