@conference {40474,
	title = {Regulation of growth in cultured mammary epithelium from beef and dairy heifers},
	booktitle = {Proceedings of the New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	volume = {53},
	year = {1993},
	month = {Jan},
	pages = {143-146},
	publisher = {New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	organization = {New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	abstract = {Red deer have recently been introduced to the intensive domestic environment, where there are many social and physical constraints not experienced by wild deer. Aspects of the social environment likely to affect welfare include group size, density and composition. Physical aspects of the pasture environment which may influence welfare are shade, shelter, wallows and opportunities for ranging behaviour, while variables in the handling environment which are probably important are pen construction and lighting.  Various methods have been employed to assess welfare in red deer. Studies of confined deer have indicated that they respond to aversive conditions at pasture by pacing along fencelines, and in the handling environment by nosing doors and walls. Preference testing has compared different handling environments and treatments, and demonstrated that human presence, novelty and mechanical restraint were aversive. Results from detailed studies of velvet antler removal suggest that improved methods of providing analgesia are possible. Research into modifying the basic character of farmed deer through genetic selection or intensive handling of deer calves has been instigated. Overall, high welfare standards in deer production systems are a realistic goal. There are no long-established traditions to adhere to, and a foundation of productive assessment techniques and results has been established.},
	issn = {1176-5283},
	author = {McFadden TB and Cockrell DC}
}
@conference {40530,
	title = {Serum concentrations of insulin-like growth factor-I during the oestrous cycle in ewes selected for lamb production},
	booktitle = {Proceedings of the New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	volume = {53},
	year = {1993},
	month = {Jan},
	pages = {377-380},
	publisher = {New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	organization = {New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	abstract = {In keeping with the evident requirement of insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I) for normal growth in livestock, IGF-I is required for the normal proliferation of many non-transformed cells in tissue culture. The timing of IGF-I action is believed to be early in proliferation and/or prior to DNA synthesis. Since IGF-I acts on the Type I and Type II IGF receptors, and on the insulin receptor, it is possible that one or all of these receptors are proliferation regulated, such that they are expressed mainly at a certain stage(s) in the cell proliferation cycle. Regulation might occur at the level of the receptor or at the mRNA level. Several cell types have been chosen to test this model. In the experiments reported here, Norden Lab Feline Kidney (NLFK) cells were grown on coverslips and synchronised using a starve/feed regimen. Coverslips fixed at various times after refeeding were probed in situ for the presence of actin RNA and for IGF Type I receptor RNA.  Whereas actin RNA levels increased and declined during the proliferation cycle in agreement with earlier reports. Type I receptor RNA levels were undetectable at the times sampled. Possible reasons for this are discussed.},
	issn = {1176-5283},
	author = {McFadden TB and Stellflug JA and Cockrell DC and Butler JE}
}
