@conference {40760,
	title = {Dairy cattle breeding in New Zealand},
	booktitle = {Proceedings of the New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	volume = {56},
	year = {1996},
	month = {Jan},
	pages = {8},
	publisher = {New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	organization = {New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	abstract = {The New Zealand dairy industry has undertaken a substantial amount of research and development on the economic, genetic, and reproductive aspects of cattle breeding. Much of this research has been conducted within Livestock Improvement and has not been widely published.
The purpose of this contract is to bring together a series of papers which provide a summary of the achievements in cattle breeding and identify challenges and directions for the future. They complement the Livestock Improvement lecture by Dr Michel Georges, in which he discusses the use of markers assisted selection as a potential tool to increase rates of genetic gain. The paper by Spelman et al.,reports the results of the first efforts to identify the contribution that this technology can make in New Zealand{\textquoteright}s dairy cattle breeding schemes.
},
	issn = {1176-5283},
	author = {Wickham B}
}
@conference {40464,
	title = {Liveweight, feed intake and feed conversion efficiency of lactating dairy cows},
	booktitle = {Proceedings of the New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	volume = {53},
	year = {1993},
	month = {Jan},
	pages = {95-100},
	publisher = {New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	organization = {New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	abstract = {A method was developed to isolate mammary cell clumps (acini), from lactating sheep and maintain these in culture for more than 48 h. Performance of these cells was assessed by the measurement of lactose secreted into media using a sensitive bioluminescence assay. Lactose production was dependent upon cell density at seeding, lactose output per cell being 5-6 fold higher (6-7 fmol/cell/h) at 0.25x10 6 cells per ml medium compared to 2.5x10 6 cells per ml medium over 24 h of culture. Lactose output declined with time in culture, irrespective of cell density, falling to <1 fmol/cell/h over the period 24-48 h.  2-deoxy glucose uptake by mammary cells tended to increase with time in culture. 2-deoxy glucose uptake was significantly higher in cells from starved sheep (p<0.05) and in cells cultured in medium containing foetal calf serum, insulin, hydrocortisone, prolactin and prostaglandin E2 (p<0.001). Lactose output of acini was not affected by starvation of the ewe for 18 h before removing mammary tissue, and increased slightly (11\%) at low cell density in response to the additions of hormones and/or foetal calf serum to culture medium (p<0.05).},
	issn = {1176-5283},
	author = {Holmes CW and Wilson GF and Kuperus W and Buvaneshwa S and Wickham B}
}
