@conference {41459,
	title = {Decreased gene expression of integrins in epithelial cells during mammary engorgement},
	booktitle = {Proceedings of the New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	volume = {64},
	year = {2004},
	month = {Jan},
	pages = {11-13},
	publisher = {New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	organization = {New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	address = {Hamilton},
	abstract = {In ruminants, the molecular mechanisms regulating mammary involution and apoptosis (programmed cell death) are not well characterised, but extensive research in rodents has established that many cell types, including mammary epithelial cells, require anchorage to the extracellular matrix for survival. This anchorage is mediated via the integrins, a family of transmembrane glycoproteins that bridge intra- and extracellular compartments enabling direct communication between adaptor molecules in the cytoplasm and specific receptor motifs on the ECM proteins (Clark \& Brugge, 1995; Giancotti \& Ruoslahti, 1999; Hynes, 1992).  Integrins form heterodimers between α and β subunits to produce more than 20 different receptors, and many subtypes have been identified in mammary glands (Clark \& Brugge, 1995).  We have shown previously that one such integrin, β1, is reduced rapidly as a result of induced weaning in rodents, and these changes are followed by apoptosis (McMahon et al., 2004).  The aim of this study was to investigate the molecular mechanisms that may regulate mammary involution in the bovine by examining cell-matrix interactions that may be involved in survival of mammary epithelial cells, ultimately to improve lactational persistency and tolerance of extended milking intervals ... },
	issn = {1176-5283},
	author = {Singh K and Dobson J and Stelwagen K and Prosser CG and Farr VC and Molenaar A and Davis SR}
}
@conference {41469,
	title = {Expression of the tight junction protein zonula occludens-1 during mammary engorgement},
	booktitle = {Proceedings of the New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	volume = {64},
	year = {2004},
	month = {Jan},
	pages = {43-47},
	publisher = {New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	organization = {New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	address = {Hamilton},
	abstract = {An increase in tight junction (TJ) permeability occurs during extended milking intervals and is associated with reduced milk secretion. This paper examines temporal changes in the expression of a major TJ protein, zonula occludens-1 (ZO-1), during mammary engorgement. Alveolar mammary tissue was collected from 52 mid-lactation dairy heifers at 0, 6, 12, 18, 24, 36 and 72 h, and at 8 d following abrupt cessation of milking (n >= 6 cows per time point). ZO-1 protein expression significantly decreased during mammary engorgement (P<0.05). Similarly, ZO-1 mRNA expression had halved by 36 h to 8 d post-milking (P<0.05). In a second trial, alveolar tissue was collected from the udder halves of late-lactation dairy cows (n = 4) that were milked unilaterally, either once-daily or twice-daily for 4 days. A 1.7-fold increase in ZO-1 mRNA expression was detected after once-daily milking, compared with twice-daily milking (P<0.05). The down-regulation of ZO-1 during mammary engorgement is consistent with increased TJ permeability. However, the up-regulation of ZO-1 mRNA expression during short-term once-daily milking suggests that TJ function is repaired as the mammary gland adjusts to the extended milking interval. In conclusion, we have identified changes in ZO-1 critical to TJ function in bovine mammary glands. },
	issn = {1176-5283},
	author = {Cooper CV and Stelwagen K and Singh K and Farr VC and Prosser CG and Davis SR}
}
@conference {41457,
	title = {Northern analysis of temporal and spatial variation in milk protein expression during early mammary involution in dairy cows},
	booktitle = {Proceedings of the New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	volume = {64},
	year = {2004},
	month = {Jan},
	pages = {5-7},
	publisher = {New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	organization = {New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	address = {Hamilton},
	abstract = {Understanding the mammary responses that occur at the cessation of milking whether natural, forced, or which occur at the end of the milking season and during the subsequent initiation of mammary involution (Holst et al., 1987; Hurley, 1989) has relevance in milk production traits such as milk yield, persistency and extended milking intervals and may suggest ways of improving milk production in later lactation (Stelwagen, 2001) (Vetharaniam et al., 2003).  The proportions of secretory, support and milk storage components vary significantly between the alveolar (main milk synthesis), peripheral (a several cm thick layer of secretory tissue surrounding the main alveolar bed) and cisternal (main milk storage area adjoining the teats) compartments of the udder (Farr et al., 1996; Sordillo and Nickerson, 1988; Weber, 1977). In addition, variations in the local proportions of these components has also been observed in the main alveolar areas and dramatic variations of gene expression depending on the local mammary tissue composition have been observed (Molenaar et al., 1992). Ignorance of the effect on gene expression profiles resulting from sampling variations could lead to improper interpretation of experimental results and hence there is a need for more extensive spatial and temporal surveys to be done. },
	issn = {1176-5283},
	author = {Molenaar AJ and Farr VC and Oden KE and Wheeler TT and McMahon CD and Good LL and Stelwagen K and Singh K and Davis SR}
}
@conference {41458,
	title = {The use of cDNA microarrays to investigate changes in gene expression in the involuting bovine mammary gland},
	booktitle = {Proceedings of the New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	volume = {64},
	year = {2004},
	month = {Jan},
	pages = {8-10},
	publisher = {New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	organization = {New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	address = {Hamilton},
	abstract = {The molecular mechanisms and pathways involved in involution of the udder and which coordinate and regulate the processes of cell death and proliferation after weaning/cessation of milking in ruminants, are poorly understood. The aim of this study was to use cDNA microarray analysis to identify genes and pathways involved in involution of the bovine mammary gland. Ultimately, because this process underpins lactation traits such as persistency and mammary responses to milking frequency (Stelwagen, 2001; Vetharaniam et al., 2003), this information may allow the development of novel strategies for improving milk production especially in the later stages of lactation.
Involution of the bovine mammary gland was induced by abrupt termination of milking in 48 non-pregnant Friesian dairy cows at mid-lactation (average days in milk, 92 {\textpm} 3) {\textellipsis} },
	issn = {1176-5283},
	author = {Singh K and Molenaar AJ and Stelwagen K and Farr VC and Good L and Swanson K and Oden K and Wheeler T and McMahon C and Henderson H and Wilson T and Hyndman D and Baird D and McCulloch A and Davis SR}
}
@conference {41460,
	title = {The use of microarrays to investigate gene regulation in the bovine mammary gland during Streptococcus uberis mastitis},
	booktitle = {Proceedings of the New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	volume = {64},
	year = {2004},
	month = {Jan},
	pages = {14-16},
	publisher = {New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	organization = {New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	address = {Hamilton},
	abstract = {Bovine mastitis is one of the most costly dairy-based diseases worldwide with an estimated $60 M loss to New Zealand per season. Mastitis infections are a result of bacterial or fungal pathogens becoming established in the udder, and are detected by the increase of somatic cells in the mammary gland, bacteriology data and physical signs of infection. In New Zealand, mastitis is usually a result of a gram-positive bacterial infection (Brookbanks, 1966). Of these bacteria, Streptococcus uberis is emerging as one of the most prevalent causative organism of mastitis in New Zealand (McDougall, 2002). It resides naturally in the environment making prevention of the disease difficult.  Currently the main means of controlling the disease is through administering antibiotics following identification of infection.
The mammary gland is protected from invasion by the activation of non-specific (innate) and specific defence mechanisms. The innate immune response is the predominant defence during the early stages of infection and is induced rapidly at the site of infection (Sordillo et al., 1997). Although the local mammary innate immune response has been widely investigated, studies have focussed on known antibacterial compounds and little is known about the novel compounds in bovine milk and how these contribute to the defence system of the mammary gland. The mechanism by which the mammary gland innate immune system is active against S. uberis is poorly understood. By developing an understanding into the way S. uberis induces an immune response in the mammary gland and the effect of infection on mammary gland metabolism we may identify components which can be utilised to either reduce the symptoms of/or prevent or cure S. uberis mastitis. },
	issn = {1176-5283},
	author = {Swanson KM and Henderson HV and Farr VC and Davis SR and Oden K and Stelwagen K and Molenaar A and Singh K and Prosser CG}
}
@conference {41305,
	title = {Increased milk lactic acid concentration is an early indicator of mastitis},
	booktitle = {Proceedings of the New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	volume = {62},
	year = {2002},
	month = {Jan},
	pages = {22-23},
	publisher = {New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	organization = {New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	address = {Palmerston North},
	abstract = {The cost of mastitis to the dairy industry in NZ is substantial, with economic losses accruing from antibiotic costs, acute and chronic milk yield losses and reduced longevity of susceptible cows.
Early detection and treatment of mastitis is a critical factor in reducing the severity of the infection and tissue damage within the udder (Douglas et al., 1997). However, increases in labour productivity are reducing contact time with cows, making early detection of mastitis increasingly difficult. In particular, the development of robotic milking equipment has highlighted the need for remote detection of mastitis.
Apart from visual examination of fore-milk, somatic cell count (SCC) is used as the standard marker of milk quality. An increase in bulk milk SCC or a high SCC at herd test is used to diagnose new infections. However, one of the most widely used methods for cow-side or automated in-line testing for mastitis is the detection of changes in electrical conductivity of milk. This approach has several problems, not least of which is the limited accuracy of the method (see Woolford et al., 1998) and the relatively high cost of sensors (claws).
The following study was undertaken as part of a screen of a number of potential markers in milk which could be used to indicate mastitis {\textellipsis} },
	issn = {1176-5283},
	author = {Farr VC and Prosser CG and Nicholas GD and Lee J and Hart AL and Davis SR}
}
@conference {41355,
	title = {Lactoferrin concentration is increased in milk from cows milked once daily},
	booktitle = {Proceedings of the New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	volume = {62},
	year = {2002},
	month = {Jan},
	pages = {225-226},
	publisher = {New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	organization = {New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	address = {Palmerston North},
	abstract = {<p>Lactoferrin is a component of milk whey, valuable for its properties as an iron-binding, bacteriostatic and anti-bacterial protein. Commonly, lactoferrin concentrations are high in colostrum and in late-lactation milk (Nonnecke \&amp; Smith, 1984). In particular, the lactoferrin content of mammary secretion is markedly increased during mammary involution when expression of the lactoferrin gene is initiated in milk-engorged, secretory alveoli (Molenaar et al., 1996). A feature of once-daily milking (OAD) is the accelerated regression of the udder that leads to an increased rate of decline in milk yield as lactation progresses (Carruthers et al., 1993). This accelerated regression and attenuation of lactation is particularly notable in some cows, although others appear relatively unaffected. In addition, there are changes in milk composition commensurate with changes that normally occur at drying-off. This suggests that milk lactoferrin concentration could be enhanced during OAD. Milk lactoferrin content has not been measured previously in cows in which milking frequency has been changed. Eight cows (mixed breeds) in mid-lactation, grazing rye-grass/white clover pasture at No. 1 Dairy, Dexcel (Ruakura) were used in this study. They were milked twice daily (TAD) from parturition and underwent a period of three days of OAD beginning at day 123\&plusmn;4 of lactation, on average. Mean milk SCC before treatment was 178\&plusmn;53 x 103 cells/ml. Milk samples were taken before, during and after OAD and assayed for lactoferrin using an ELISA method (Bethyl Laboratories, Montgomery, Texas, USA.) Milk yield and composition were also recorded.</p>},
	issn = {1176-5283},
	author = {Farr VC and Prosser CG and Clark DA and Tong M and Cooper CV and Willix-Payne D and Davis SR}
}
@conference {41214,
	title = {Effects of diet on udder function and regression in Holstein-Friesian Cattle},
	booktitle = {Proceedings of the New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	volume = {60},
	year = {2000},
	month = {Jan},
	pages = {275-276},
	publisher = {New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	organization = {New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	address = {Hamilton},
	abstract = {The rate of decline in milk yield after peak lactation is about 10\% per month, for cows in New Zealand grazing pasture diets, and less than 4\% per month in concentrate-fed animals in northern hemisphere environments. Much of the decline in milk yield after peak lactation is associated with a similar proportional loss of secretory cells from the udder and, once lost, these cells cannot be replaced until the dry period before the next lactation. Thus, we have found (unpublished data) that from peak lactation (October) to late-lactation in New Zealand, there was a loss of over 50\% of mammary DNA. Such a loss was also reflected in changes in udder volume (Davis et al., 1985) and also in changes in milk storage capacity in the udder (Davis et al., 1987).
Differences in lactational persistency between concentrate and pasture-fed animals suggest that nutrition exerts a long-term effect on milk production through maintenance of mammary secretory cell structures, as well as function. In the present experiment, our hypothesis was that cows fed concentrate diets would maintain milk production better than cows fed pasture over the summer months and that this would be reflected in the functional udder capacity (FUC). FUC is a measure of mammary cell numbers and is highly correlated with milk production (Davis et al., 1987). Further work attempted to correlate changes in FUC with concentrations of blood hormones sensitive to diet. },
	issn = {1176-5283},
	author = {Davis SR and Farr VC and Auldist MJ and Kolver ES}
}
@conference {41030,
	title = {Amylin causes hypocalcaemia in lactating goats - Brief Communication},
	booktitle = {Proceedings of the New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	volume = {58},
	year = {1998},
	month = {Jan},
	pages = {209-210},
	publisher = {New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	organization = {New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	abstract = {Amylin is a 37-amino acid peptide, structurally related to calcitonin-gene-related peptide (CGRP), adrenomedullin and calcitonin (CT). It is co-secreted with insulin from the pancreatic {\ss}-cell. There is increasing evidence from rodent models that amylin may play an important role in the regulation of mineral metabolism, particularly Ca (Cooper, 1997). However, such a role has never been investigated in a ruminant model. The aim of this study was, therefore, to investigate a role for amylin in the regulation of Ca and metabolism of other minerals in lactating goats.},
	issn = {1176-5283},
	author = {Min SH and Farr VC and Lee J and Cooper GJS and Davis SR}
}
@conference {40980,
	title = {Once-Daily Milking of Dairy Cows : An Appraisal},
	booktitle = {Proceedings of the New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	volume = {58},
	year = {1998},
	month = {Jan},
	pages = {36-40},
	publisher = {New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	organization = {New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	abstract = {Once-daily milking offers the opportunity for a quantum change in the operation of the dairy farm. In particular, once-daily milking provides the major opportunity to reduce costs and increase labour productivity. New Zealand cows (particularly Jerseys) already possess an advantage in favour of once daily milking - that they produce a relatively concentrated milk and therefore have the capacity to accumulate >24 hours-worth of milk production. Nevertheless, short-term trials indicate an average production loss of 21\% for once-daily relative to twice-daily milking. Full-lactation trials suggest greater losses of 35-50\%, although the productivity of commercial farms milking once-daily throughout lactation is consistent with much smaller losses. There is evidence that cows can adapt to longer milking intervals and this coupled with increased herd size and care to maximise milk removal may restrict yield losses on the farm to less than 10\%. Apart from the production loss, other negative consequences of once-daily milking include changes in milk composition, a reduction in milk processing quality and increased somatic cell count. Further, it is not known to what degree, if any, cow comfort is compromised by once-daily milking. If it becomes possible to identify more tolerant breeds or individuals, it may be feasible to reduce milk yield losses still further and ameliorate the changes in milk composition. },
	issn = {1176-5283},
	author = {Davis SR and Farr VC and Stelwagen K}
}
@conference {40983,
	title = {Rates of recovery of milk yield and composition following milking intervals of varying length},
	booktitle = {Proceedings of the New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	volume = {58},
	year = {1998},
	month = {Jan},
	pages = {47-48},
	publisher = {New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	organization = {New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	abstract = {In order to examine the rate of recovery of milk yield and composition following an extended milking interval, 20 cows were milked out with the aid of oxytocin and subjected to single intervals of either 16, 24, 32 or 40h. Cows were then milked frequently with the aid of oxytocin during the subsequent 26h. Milk secretion rate was depressed to 67 and 56\% of pre-treatment (twice-daily milking) rates by the 32 and 40h treatments, and rates of recovery were slow, extending beyond 26h post-treatment. Milk fat and protein contents did not differ significantly among treatment groups while lactose content was reduced by the 32 and 40h intervals, recovering by 26h post-treatment. It was concluded that the udder is particularly sensitive to milk accumulation beyond 24h and that this leads to impairment of the {\textquoteleft}synthetic machinery{\textquoteright} in the udder. The prolonged effect on milk lactose concentrations with the longer intervals suggests that there was a sustained change in the integrity of tight junctions between secretory cells, leading to increased permeability of the mammary gland. Rates of recovery of yield and composition were relatively slow, taking >24h in spite of enhanced rates of milk removal. },
	issn = {1176-5283},
	author = {Farr VC and Stelwagen K and Davis SR}
}
@conference {40935,
	title = {Removal of cisternal milk following milk accumulation for 9 hours does not increase total yield during once-daily milking},
	booktitle = {Proceedings of the New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	volume = {57},
	year = {1997},
	month = {Jan},
	pages = {217},
	publisher = {New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	organization = {New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	abstract = {Once-daily milking (ODM) of dairy cows in New Zealand results in a yield loss of 15-25\% (Carruthers V.R. et al.,(1993)). This loss is not associated with the total storage capacity of the udder, although some studies have shown that increase in the volume of milk in the cistern is associated with reduced yield loss during ODM (Knight C.H. and Dewhurst R.J. (1994)). The following experi-ment was undertaken to determine whether removal of cisternal, but not alveolar milk, at the p.m. milking, de-creased the production loss during ODM.},
	issn = {1176-5283},
	author = {Farr VC and Davis SR and Stelwagen K}
}
@conference {40774,
	title = {Brief Communication: Effects of milk stasis and feed withdrawal on capillary exchange capacity in the goat mammary gland},
	booktitle = {Proceedings of the New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	volume = {56},
	year = {1996},
	month = {Jan},
	pages = {49-50},
	publisher = {New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	organization = {New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	abstract = {The lactating mammary gland is critically dependent upon the provision of nutrients and hormonal stimuli from the blood to sustain milk synthesis. This is reflected in the high correlation between mammary arterial blood flow (F) and milk yield (MY). During established lactation in goats, frequent milking with oxytocin results in a higher blood flow to the mammary gland (Prosser and Davis, 1992). Conversely, MY and F decrease during both milk stasis (Stelwagen et al. 1994) and feed withdrawal (Davis and Collier, 1985). It has yet to be determined whether these decreases in the blood supply cause the decreases in MY or are as a result of a decrease in demand for blood by the secretory tissue.},
	issn = {1176-5283},
	author = {Farr VC and Davis SR and Prosser CG}
}
@conference {40773,
	title = {Brief Communication: The effect of somatostatin infusion on milk yield of goats},
	booktitle = {Proceedings of the New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	volume = {56},
	year = {1996},
	month = {Jan},
	pages = {47-48},
	publisher = {New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	organization = {New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	abstract = {Somatostatin is a hormone widely distributed among tissues which, depending upon species, will inhibit growth hormone release from the pituitary gland and modulate the release of insulin from the pancreas (e.g. Davis, 1975; Maglad et al.,1983).

The physiological function of somatostatin in rumi-nants is largely unknown. Certainly effects of somatostatin on the function of the gastro-intestinal tract have been reported (Barry et al.,1985). However, somatostatin ap-pears not to modulate basal growth hormone release in ruminants (Davis, 1975).
},
	issn = {1176-5283},
	author = {Davis SR and Farr VC and Myung KH and Prosser CG and Spencer GSG}
}
@conference {40652,
	title = {Effect of once daily milking (ODM) on enzyme activities in the bovine mammary gland},
	booktitle = {Proceedings of the New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	volume = {55},
	year = {1995},
	month = {Jan},
	pages = {12-13},
	publisher = {New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	organization = {New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	abstract = {Maintenance diets containing two levels of energy (9.6 v. 11.5  MJME per kg DM) and two levels of protein (10.7 v.21.7 g nitrogen per kg  DM) were fed to four groups, each of ten Romney (five low and five high  staple tenacity) and four Drysdale yearling rams, for six weeks from mid  March.    Protein supplementation increased protein intake by 114\% (P<0.001). It  increased clean wool growth in the treatment period (6.2 v. 10.2 g.um-  2.d-1, P<0.001), more so in Drysdales than Romneys (89 v. 46\%; P<0.001).   It also increased mean fibre diameter (38.1 v. 34.3 um, P<0.001) without  changing the proportion of fibre that was medullated. Responses to the  nutrient supplements were similar in low and high staple tenacity Romney  rams.    It is concluded that during the photoperiod-induced decline in wool  growth in autumn, sheep on a maintenance diet responded to the increase  in dietary protein with an increase in the volume of fibre and volume of  keratin produced with no net change in the proportion of fibre  medullated.   },
	issn = {1176-5283},
	author = {Farr VC and Stelwagen K and Kerr MA and Davis SR and Eichler SJ}
}
@conference {40650,
	title = {Effect of once-daily milking and bovine somatropin administration in Friesian cows on milk protease activity},
	booktitle = {Proceedings of the New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	volume = {55},
	year = {1995},
	month = {Jan},
	pages = {7-8},
	publisher = {New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	organization = {New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	abstract = {Samples of wool from Perendale hoggets born at Whatawhata  Research Centre in 1989 from ewes selected for and against loose wool  bulk were tested for propensity to yellow. After storage in a  laboratory for two years, wool from the high bulk line was significantly  more yellow than wool from low bulk line.    When the greasy wool was incubated at 40 degrees and 100\% relative  humidity, differences in all three tristimulus values between high and  low bulk wool were significant.    Tristimulus Y and Z decreased and Y minus Z increased when clean wool  samples were subjected to more extreme challenges similar to those which  may occur during processing. These changes did not affect the  differences in colour between the selection lines.    These results suggest that management changes may be required to  restrict yellowing of high bulk wool during growth and storage.  Simultaneous selection for reduced propensity to yellow and increased  bulk may reduce the genetic progress attainable in either  characteristic.   },
	issn = {1176-5283},
	author = {Stelwagen K and Whyte JH and Zavizon B and Prosser CG and Davis SR and Farr VC and Politis I}
}
@conference {40653,
	title = {Nitric oxide and the control of mammary blood flow},
	booktitle = {Proceedings of the New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	volume = {55},
	year = {1995},
	month = {Jan},
	pages = {14-16},
	publisher = {New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	organization = {New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	abstract = {This study monitored the behaviour of calves docked with a rubber  ring with or without local anaesthesia. Forty five 3 to 4 month old  Friesian heifer calves were divided equally into three groups viz  control (C), docked following local anaesthetic (L). After treatment  the calves were returned to a paddock where their behaviour was  monitored continuously for 5 hours with scan sampling every 10 minutes.  Standing, walking, grazing and ruminating behaviours were similar in the  3 groups. Within 30 minutes of the treatment tail shaking, and  vocalization occurred in 10 and 5 R calves and of them 2 calves  continued to tail shake and vocalise for a further 60 minutes. Tail  shaking and vocalisation occurred in 7 and 5 of the L calves  respectively at 150 minutes. Two of these calves vocalised at 180  minutes and one at 210 minutes following treatment. C calves did not  shake their tails or vocalise. These observations suggest that milk  distress was experienced by approximately two thirds of docked calves.   },
	issn = {1176-5283},
	author = {Lacasse P and Farr VC and Davis SR and Prosser CG}
}
@conference {40649,
	title = {Partitioning of milk accumulation between cisternal and alveolar compartments of the bovine udder: relationship to production loss on once-daily milking},
	booktitle = {Proceedings of the New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	volume = {55},
	year = {1995},
	month = {Jan},
	pages = {5-6},
	publisher = {New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	organization = {New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	abstract = {Colour is an important characteristic affecting wool price. Canary  yellow wool incidence is low in dry years but individuals can be  classified according to their degreee of susceptibility to wool  yellowing based on results of wool incubation test.  Australian Merino, Corriedale and New Zealand Romney populations were  tested. A number of 603, 1269 and 476 progenies and 21, 52 and 24 sires  were used for these populations, respectively. Susceptibility to wool  yellowing (YPC), greasy (GFW) and clean fleece weights (CFW), yield (Y)  and mean fibre diameter (MFD) were analysed in a sire model.  Heritability values for YPC were 0.21+/-0.11, 0.28+/-0.08 and 0.19+/-  0.07 for Merino, Corriedale and Romney, respectively. Genetic  correlations between YPC and other traits were 0.04+/-0.31 with GFW, -  0.10+/-0.31 with CFW, -0.11+/-0.29 with Y and 0.51+/-0.29 with MFD for  Merinos; 0.30+/-0.18, 0.17+/-0.19, -0.12+/-0.18 and 0.33+/-0.19, -  0.12+/-0.18 and 0.33+/-0.19 for Corriedale, respectively, and 0.77+/-  0.22, 0.44+/-0.31, -0.70+/-0.35 and 0.25+/-0.30 for Romney,  respectively. Phenotypic correlations were negligible among this traits  for these three populations, except for YPC and Y (-0.33+/-0.10).  Selection strategies to reduce wool yellowing susceptibility will differ  between genotypes. Low frequency of susceptible sheep in Merino  population showed little justification for including YPC in genetic  programmes for this particular breed only.  },
	issn = {1176-5283},
	author = {Farr VC and Davis SR and Copeman PJA and Carruthers VR and Knight CH}
}
@conference {40574,
	title = {Effect of once daily milking and concurrent somatotropin (bST) on production and mammary tight junction permeability in cows - Brief Communication},
	booktitle = {Proceedings of the New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	volume = {54},
	year = {1994},
	month = {Jan},
	pages = {101-102},
	publisher = {New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	organization = {New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	abstract = {No abstract supplied },
	issn = {1176-5283},
	author = {Stelwagen K and Davis SR and Farr VC}
}
@conference {40481,
	title = {Brief Communication - The nature of the microcirculation in the mammary gland of the lactating rat},
	booktitle = {Proceedings of the New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	volume = {53},
	year = {1993},
	month = {Jan},
	pages = {171-172},
	publisher = {New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	organization = {New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	abstract = {Of all farm production practices, intensive systems come under public scrutiny most, and intensive egg-production is often a particular source of concern. Caged hens are seen as unacceptable in most European countries due to the density of housing, barrenness of environment and restriction of "most normal behaviour patterns". In New Zealand most egg-production systems involve practices which are being questioned overseas in terms of their welfare impact. This paper presents the results of a survey of some representative New Zealand farms in the light of public and scientific concerns for animal welfare. Currently there appears to be no obvious system likely to replace laying cages and guarantee good welfare. Pressure for change, however, seems likely.},
	issn = {1176-5283},
	author = {Davis SR and Farr VC and Prosser CG and Thompson JG}
}
@conference {40478,
	title = {The effect of an extended milking interval on mammary blood flow and tight junctions between mammary cells in goats},
	booktitle = {Proceedings of the New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	volume = {53},
	year = {1993},
	month = {Jan},
	pages = {159-162},
	publisher = {New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	organization = {New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	abstract = {Hereford x Friesian cows were used to compare the calf and cow performance of 66 single-calved cows (Single Cows) rearing only their own calf (Single Calf) and 45 contemporary single-calved cows (Foster Cows) rearing their own calf (Own Calf) plus a foster calf (Foster Calf). Fostering was succesful in 85\% and 95\% of attempts in 1990 and 1991, respectively. Mean weaning weight was lowest in the Foster Calf group but comparable in the Own Claf and Single Calf groups (140 vs 194 vs 202 kg, P<o.oo1). Single Cow and Foster Cow groups were similar in mean live weight immediately post-calving (413 vs 415 kg, NS) and at weaning time (452 vs 437 kg, NS), and the mean interval to first oestrus was about 7 weeks in both groups. Cow efficiency (ie calf weaned/kg cow post calving liveweight) was approximately doubled in the Foster Cow group. We conclude that twin-suckling dairy x beef breeding cows using a foster calf appears to be a useful option for dramatically increasing cow efficiency.},
	issn = {1176-5283},
	author = {Stelwagen K and Davis SR and Farr VC and Prosser CG and Sherlock RA}
}
@conference {40473,
	title = {Vasodilatory properties of parathyroid hormone-related protein in the mammary gland of the lactating goat},
	booktitle = {Proceedings of the New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	volume = {53},
	year = {1993},
	month = {Jan},
	pages = {139-142},
	publisher = {New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	organization = {New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	abstract = {New Zealand dairy systems are characterised by extensively- managed outdoor herds which calve in spring. Such systems allow cattle to perform a wider range of normal behaviours than is possible in more intensive conditions. However, there are aspects of extensive management which may compromise the welfare of dairy cattle. These include practices which are intrinsic to the management system and strategic interventions. This paper will discuss some of the issues pertaining to the welfare of dairy cattle, the methods by which welfare is assessed and attitudes within the local and international community regarding the management of dairy cattle in New Zealand.},
	issn = {1176-5283},
	author = {Prosser CG and Davis SR and Farr VC}
}
@conference {40317,
	title = {The time-course of milk yield and hormonal responses following growth hormone injections in hourly-milked goats},
	booktitle = {Proceedings of the New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	volume = {51},
	year = {1991},
	month = {Jan},
	pages = {239-244},
	publisher = {New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	organization = {New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	abstract = {No abstract supplied  },
	issn = {1176-5283},
	author = {Davis SR and Hodgkinson SC and Farr VC}
}
